$ln Command

$ln command is used to create multiple link of a file. Ex:

Inode

Unix files consist of two parts, the first is data part and another is file name part. The data part is known as inode. It carries the map of, where the data and the file permissions for the data exists.

Difference Between Soft and Hard Links

• One can create a symbolic or soft link to a file that does not exist, the same is not possible in hard link

Soft links

Symbolic or soft is a special type of file that contains a reference to another file or directory in the form of an absolute or relative path and that affects pathname resolution. A symbolic or soft link allows you to give a file another name, but does not link the file by inode.

Hard links

A hard link is essentially a label or name assigned to a file. More than one filename can reference the same inode number, these files are said to be hard link. The data part of the file is called an inode. The inode carries the map of, where the data and the file permissions for the data exists.

Pathnames

Every file has a pathname, which is a trail from a directory through part of the directory hierarchy to an ordinary file or a directory. Within a pathname, a slash ( / ) to the right of a filename indicates that the file is a directory file.

Absolute Pathnames

An absolute pathname starts with a slash ( / ), which represents the root directory. The slash is followed by the name of a file located in the root directory. It specifies the full name of every intermediate directory upto the actual file

Relative Pathnames

Relative pathname indicates the location of a directory, relative to the current working directory. Any pathname that does not begin with the root directory represented by ( / ) or a tilde ( ~ ) is a relative pathname. A relative pathname  traces a path from the working directory to a file. The pathname is relative to the working directory.

Properties of Linux

* Linux is free

* It is portable to any hardware platform

* It is secure and versatile

* It is scalable

* It is not very user friendly and confusing for beginners

* Linux was made to keep on running

* The Linux OS and most Linux applications have very short debug-times

Open Source

Open source is a concept referring to production and development practices where anyone can access the source code of the end product. The term open denotes a degree of freedom or openness while the term source refers to the source code of the program.
In other words, the source code of the open source software is available to the end user, end user can be modified the source code.
There are no restrictions on redistribution or use .

LINUX

Linux is a operating system for computer devices, its like a UNIX type operating system. Linux is freely available for everyone. Linux began in 1980's as an effort to create a free UNIX type operating system. The project was called GNU and was run by the FSF (Free Software Foundation) created by Richard Stallman.